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The Deer Woman

11/1/2018

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In honor of Halloween, let us turn our trivial attention towards the crossroads (in Latin, trivia is literally where 3 roads meet) where myth and reality meet, and speak of things that go bump in the night. West Virginia may have its Mothman and New Jersey its Jersey Devil, but Oklahoma’s regional “Boogieman” of choice differs somewhat in that she is female- Deer Woman. Fittingly, deer also appear as physical manifestations of the boundary between worlds in many stories, including C. S. Lewis’ Narnia series and Tolkien’s Hobbit.

Deer Woman can trace her origins to many of the eastern Woodlands and Central Plains tribes that came to Oklahoma, although her legend extends even into the Pacific Northwest. In traditional cosmology, she is a type of supernatural being distinct from spirits or Gods. Among the Cherokee these beings are called Nunnehi “the People Who Live Anywhere” or Ani Yunwitsandsdi, literally "Little Men." Their function is similar to that of European Fairies- in turns both helpful and devious, but usually their ire serves as punishment for the violation of cultural taboos.

There are many variations of her story, describing her as everything from Nunnehi to Witch or normal Human originally. In her more beneficent aspect, she is associated with fertility and love, but when crossed has quite a dark side. While the Jersey Devil delights in mischievous chaos, and the Mothman serves as an omen of tragedy, Deer Woman operates much more directly, literally with a vengeance.

Most commonly she is depicted as the mortal victim of a savage rape, her body being found in the woods next to a sleeping fawn who lay down beside her so that she would not die alone. Since her attackers went unpunished, the Gods (or Nunnehi, or sometimes even the Deer themselves) grant her wish for justice, whereby she is reborn as a half Human/half Deer. In this guise she lured her former tormentors out into the woods, unaware of her true nature. When they noticed too late that she had hooves instead of feet, she trampled them to death. Afterwards she lived on, continuing to punish those who would prey on feminine innocence.
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According to Ojibwe tradition, she can be banished through tobacco and chant, but in most tales, the only way to save oneself from Deer Woman is to look at her feet, see her hooves, and recognize her for what she is (before she gets you alone). The legend is meant to show that attraction does not a proper pairing make, and that men ignore or usurp the power of women at their own peril. To recognize the truth the story conceals is to save oneself from misfortune. To ignore the moral is to proceed inexorably into the death dance with Deer Woman.
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The California Girl

11/1/2018

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Like Annie Oakley, Lillian Smith learned to shoot as a child to provide food and money for her family. She joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show at just fifteen after winning a shooting contest. Smith preferred the rifle and often shot while on horseback. Her records include consecutively shooting 72,800 glass balls over three days, seventy-one of seventy-two thrown balls while on horseback and twenty swinging balls in just twelve seconds. By comparison, while a great shot, Oakley preferred shotguns and firing from set positions. While she did do a horse act, Oakley frequently missed when performing it.

Their rivalry was legendary. When Smith was hired, Oakley suddenly got six years younger in all of her press releases. Being among the first women trick shooters, she had to present herself as a proper upper-class lady, unlike Smith, who saw nothing wrong with being a commoner. Resentments boiled after they met Queen Victoria of England, who apparently became quite taken with Smith. The British press failed to report that Oakley was even in the same room. Oakley’s husband wasted no time muckraking Smith, accusing her of being a low-class, carousing drunkard and braggart, and worse, a bad shot. He even resorted to calling her fat and ugly. 
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Oakley left in 1887 after Buffalo Bill refused to fire Smith. He hired her back at the end of the following year after realizing that her name sold more tickets. Smith left rather than work with her, soon resurfacing as “Princess Wenona, the Indian Girl Shot.” As Wenona, Smith claimed to be Sioux (she was briefly married to one). She darkened her skin with makeup and dyed her hair black while performing. 1880 census records do list her as Indian however, possibly Paiute.
She eventually retired to Ponca City in 1920, dying in 1930.
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    Author

    Keith Woodstock Fagan was born in Philadelphia, PA but grew up in southern NJ,  where he developed a strong interest in history, mythology, and the natural world, which only intensified when he attended nearby Stockton State College (now University).  His father was the singer/songwriter Richard Fagan, while he is a distant descendant of the Swedish fairy tale author Charles Perrault on his mother's side.  He served as the Marine Education Program Counselor at the Atlantic City Aquarium from 1999-2007.  Keith moved to Oklahoma in 2007 along with his wife, Kara (from Tonkawa), in order to be closer to her family after the birth of their daughter, Tessa, in 2005.  They live in Ponca City with their four cats and a bearded dragon.  He has been the Historical Interpreter for the Pioneer Woman Museum since 2013.

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jennifer.lynch@history.ok.gov
Keith Fagan - Historical Interpreter

keith.fagan@history.ok.gov
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